# Dokumentasi Django 5.2.8

# Memasang pustaka Geospatial

## Pustaka geospasial

GeoDjango menggunakan dan/atau menyediakan antarmuka untuk pustaka geospatial sumber terbuka berikut:

Program | Deskripsi | Dibutuhkan | Versi Didukung
--- | --- | --- | ---
GEOS | Geometry Engine Open Source | Ya | 3.14, 3.13, 3.12, 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8
PROJ | Pustaka Cartographic Projections | Ya (hanya PostgreSQL dan SQLite ) | 9.x, 8.x, 7.x, 6.x
GDAL | Pustaka Abstrak Data Geospatial | Ya | 3.11, 3.10, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1
GeoIP | Pustaka geolokasi berdasarkan-IP | Tidak | 2
PostGIS | Tambahan spasial untuk PostgreSQL | Ya (hanya PostgreSQL) | 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1
SpatiaLite | Tambahan spasial untuk SQLite | Ya (hanya SQLite ) | 5.1, 5.0, 4.3

Catat bahwa terlama atau lebih versi saat ini dari pustaka-pustaka ini mungkin juga bekerja sepenuhnya baik dengan GeoDjango. Jarak tempuh anda mungkin beragam.

Catatan

The GeoDjango interfaces to GEOS, GDAL, and GeoIP may be used independently of Django. In other words, no database or settings file required -- import them as normal from `django.contrib.gis`.

Pada Debian/Ubuntu, anda disarankan memasang paket-paket berikut yang akan memasang, secara langsung atau secara terpisah, pustaka-pustaka geospasial yang dibutuhkan:

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils libproj-dev gdal-bin

Harap juga rundingkan petunjuk serambi-spesifik jika anda berada pada macOS atau Windows.

## Membangun dari sumber

When installing from source on UNIX and GNU/Linux systems, please follow the installation instructions carefully, and install the libraries in the given order. If using MySQL or Oracle as the spatial database, only GEOS is required.

Catatan

On Linux platforms, it may be necessary to run the `ldconfig` command after installing each library. For example:

    $ sudo make install
    $ sudo ldconfig

Catatan

Pengguna macOS harus memasang ``Xcode`_ untuk menyusun perangkat lunak dari sumber.

### GEOS

GEOS is a C++ library for performing geometric operations, and is the default internal geometry representation used by GeoDjango (it's behind the "lazy" geometries). Specifically, the C API library is called (e.g., `libgeos_c.so`) directly from Python using ctypes.

First, download GEOS from the GEOS website and untar the source archive:

    $ wget https://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2
    $ tar xjf geos-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2

Then step into the GEOS directory, create a `build` folder, and step into it:

    $ cd geos-X.Y.Z
    $ mkdir build
    $ cd build

Then build and install the package:

    $ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
    $ cmake --build .
    $ sudo cmake --build . --target install

#### Menyelesaikan masalah

##### Tidak dapat menemukan pustaka GEOS

Ketika GeoDjango tidak dapat menemukan GEOS, kesalahan ini akan muncul:

    ImportError: Could not find the GEOS library (tried "geos_c"). Try setting GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.

Pemecahan paling umum adalah dengan benar mengkonfigurasi Pustaka pengaturan lingkungan anda atau menyetel GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH di pengaturan anda.

Jika menggunakan paket biner dari GEOS (misalnya, pada Ubuntu), anda mungkin butuh untuk Pasang binutils.

##### `GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH`

If your GEOS library is in a non-standard location, or you don't want to modify the system's library path then the `GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH` setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to the GEOS C library. For example:

    GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/bob/local/lib/libgeos_c.so'

Catatan

Pengaturan harus berupa jalur penuh pada pustaka berbagi C; dengan kata lain anda ingin menggunakan `libgeos_c.so`, bukan `libgeos.so`.

Lihat juga Catatan saya diisi dengan kesalahan terkait GEOS.

### PROJ

PROJ is a library for converting geospatial data to different coordinate reference systems.

First, download the PROJ source code:

    $ wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-X.Y.Z.tar.gz

... and datum shifting files (download `proj-datumgrid-X.Y.tar.gz` for PROJ < 7.x) [1]:

    $ wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-data-X.Y.tar.gz

Next, untar the source code archive, and extract the datum shifting files in the `data` subdirectory. This must be done prior to configuration:

    $ tar xzf proj-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
    $ cd proj-X.Y.Z/data
    $ tar xzf ../../proj-data-X.Y.tar.gz
    $ cd ../..

For PROJ 9.x and greater, releases only support builds using `CMake` (see PROJ RFC-7).

To build with `CMake` ensure your system meets the build requirements. Then create a `build` folder in the PROJ directory, and step into it:

    $ cd proj-X.Y.Z
    $ mkdir build
    $ cd build

Akhirnya, konfigurasi, buat dan pasang PROJ:

    $ cmake ..
    $ cmake --build .
    $ sudo cmake --build . --target install

### GDAL

GDAL is an excellent open source geospatial library that has support for reading most vector and raster spatial data formats. Currently, GeoDjango only supports GDAL's vector data capabilities [2]. GEOS and PROJ should be installed prior to building GDAL.

First download the latest GDAL release version and untar the archive:

    $ wget https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/X.Y.Z/gdal-X.Y.Z.tar.gz
    $ tar xzf gdal-X.Y.Z.tar.gz

For GDAL 3.6.x and greater, releases only support builds using `CMake`. To build with `CMake` create a `build` folder in the GDAL directory, and step into it:

    $ cd gdal-X.Y.Z
    $ mkdir build
    $ cd build

Finally, configure, make and install GDAL:

    $ cmake ..
    $ cmake --build .
    $ sudo cmake --build . --target install

Jika anda mempunyai masalah apapun, harap melihat bagian penyelesaian masalah dibawah untuk saran dan pemecahan.

#### Menyelesaikan masalah

##### Tidak dapat menemukan pustaka GDAL

Ketika GeiDjango tidak dapat menemukan pustaka GDAL, konfigurasikan Pustaka pengaturan lingkungan anda atau setel GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH dalam pengaturan anda.

##### `GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH`

If your GDAL library is in a non-standard location, or you don't want to modify the system's library path then the `GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH` setting may be added to your Django settings file with the full path to the GDAL library. For example:

    GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH = '/home/sue/local/lib/libgdal.so'

Catatan kaki

[1]

The datum shifting files are needed for converting data to and from certain projections. For example, the PROJ string for the Google projection (900913 or 3857) requires the `null` grid file only included in the extra datum shifting files. It is easier to install the shifting files now, then to have debug a problem caused by their absence later.

[2]

Secara khusus, GeoDjango menyediakan dukungan untuk OGR library, a component of GDAL.