# Dokumentasi Django 5.2.8

# Pemasangan GeoDjango

## Ikhtisar

Secara umum, pemasangan GeoDjango membutuhkan:

1. Python dan Django

2. Basisdata spasial

3. Pustaka geospasial

Rincian untuk setiap dari persyaratan dan petunjuk pemasangan disediakan di bagian dibawah. Sebagai tambahan, petunjuk khusus-serambi tersedia untuk:

- macOS

- Windows

Gunakan Sumber

Karena GeoDjango mengambil keuntungan dari terkahir di teknologi perangkat lunak geospasial sumber terbuka, versi terakhir dari pustaka dibutuhkan. Jika paket biner tidak tersedia di serambi anda, pemasangan dari sumber mungkin dibutuhkan. Ketika menyusun pustaka dari sumber, harap ikuti petunjuk dengan teliti, khususnya jika anda adalah seorang pemula.

## Persyaratan

### Python dan Django

Karena GeoDjango disertakan dengan Django, harap mengacu pada installation instructions Django untuk rincian bagaimana memasang.

### Basisdata spasial

PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite (with SpatiaLite) are the spatial databases currently supported.

Catatan

PostGIS dianjurkan, karena itu adalah paling matang dan basisdata spasial sumber terbuka kaya-fitur.

The geospatial libraries required for a GeoDjango installation depends on the spatial database used. The following lists the library requirements, supported versions, and any notes for each of the supported database backends:

Basisdata | Persyaratan Pustaka | Versi Didukung | Catatan
--- | --- | --- | ---
PostgreSQL | GEOS, GDAL, PROJ, PostGIS | 14+ | Membutuhkan PostGIS.
MySQL | GEOS, GDAL | 8.0.11+ | Limited functionality.
Oracle | GEOS, GDAL | 19+ | XE tidak didukung.
SQLite | GEOS, GDAL, PROJ, SpatiaLite | 3.31.0+ | Membutuhkan SpatiaLite 4.3+

Lihat juga this comparison matrix pada Wiki OSGeo untuk PostgreSQL/PostGIS/GEOS/GDAL kemungkinan perpaduan.

## Pemasangan

### Pustaka geospasial

- Memasang pustaka Geospatial

### Pemasangan basisdata

- Memasang PostGIS
- Memasang SpatiaLite

### Konfigurasi `DATABASES`

Setel pengaturan `ENGINE` menjadi satu dari the spatial backends.

### Tambah `django.contrib.gis` ke `INSTALLED_APPS`

Seperti aplikasi bantuan Django lain, anda akan hanya butuh menambahkan `django.contrib.gis` ke `INSTALLED_APPS` dalam pengaturan anda. Ini sehingga cetakan `gis` dapat ditempatkan -- jika belum selesai, kemudian fitur-fitur seperti admin georgafis atau peta situs KML tidak akan berfungsi dengan baik.

## Menyelesaikan masalah

Jika anda tidak dapat menemukan pemecahan padamasalah anda disini lalu ikut serta di komunitas! Anda dapat:

- Tanya pertanyaan anda di forum GeoDjango.

- File a ticket on the Django trac if you think there's a bug. Make sure to provide a complete description of the problem, versions used, and specify the component as "GIS".

### Pustaka pengaturan lingkungan

Sejauh ini, masalah paling umum ketika memasang GeoDjango adalah bahwa pustaka-pustaka berbagi eksternal (misalnya, untuk GEOS dan GDAL) tidak dapat ditempatkan. [1] Khususnya, penyebab masalah ini adalah bahwa sistem operasi tidak waspada dari direktori dimana pustaka-pustaka dibangun dari sumber yang dipasang.

Secara umum, jalur pustaka mungkin disetel pada dasar per-pengguna dengan mengatur varibel lingkungan, atau dengan mengkonfigurasi jalur pustaka untuk sistem kesulurhan.

#### Variabel lingkungan `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`

A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths they want to use. The typical library directory for software built from source is `/usr/local/lib`. Thus, `/usr/local/lib` needs to be included in the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` variable. For example, the user could place the following in their bash profile:

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

#### Menyetel jalur pustakan sistem

On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in `/etc/ld.so.conf`, which may include additional paths from files in another directory, such as `/etc/ld.so.conf.d`. As the root user, add the custom library path (like `/usr/local/lib`) on a new line in `ld.so.conf`. This is one example of how to do so:

    $ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
    $ sudo ldconfig

For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the `crle` utility. Run `crle` with no options to see the current configuration and use `crle -l` to set with the new library path. Be very careful when modifying the system library path:

    # crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib

#### Pasang `binutils`

GeoDjango uses the `find_library` function (from the `ctypes.util` Python module) to discover libraries. The `find_library` routine uses a program called `objdump` (part of the `binutils` package) to verify a shared library on GNU/Linux systems. Thus, if `binutils` is not installed on your Linux system then Python's ctypes may not be able to find your library even if your library path is set correctly and geospatial libraries were built perfectly.

The `binutils` package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the following command:

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils

Demikian pula, pada sistem Red Hat dan CentOS:

    $ sudo yum install binutils

## Petunjuk khusus-serambi

### macOS

Karena beragam dari sistem pemaketan tersedia untuk macOS, pengguna mempunyai beberapa pilihan berbeda untuk memasang GeoDjango. Pilihan ini adalah:

- Postgres.app (paling mudah dan dianjurkan)

- Homebrew

- Fink

- MacPorts

- Membangun dari sumber

Bagian ini juga menyertakan petunjuk untuk pemasangan sebuah versi tertingkatkan dari Python dari paket-paket disediakan oleh Python Software Foundation, bagaimanapun, ini tidak diwajibkan.

#### Python

Although macOS comes with Python installed, users can use framework installers provided by the Python Software Foundation. An advantage to using the installer is that macOS's Python will remain "pristine" for internal operating system use.

Catatan

You will need to modify the `PATH` environment variable in your `.profile` file so that the new version of Python is used when `python` is entered at the command-line:

    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:$PATH

#### Postgres.app

Postgres.app adalah sebuah peladen PostgreSQL berdisi sendiri yang menyertakan tambahan PostGIS. Anda akan juga butuh memasang `gdal` dan `libgeoip` dengan Homebrew.

Setelah memasang Postgres.app, tambah berikut ke `.bash_profile` anda sehingga anda dapat menjalankan progam paket dari baris-perintah. Ganti `X.Y` dengan versi PostgreSQL di Postgres.app anda pasang:

    export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/X.Y/bin

Anda dapat memeriksa jalur disetel dengan benar dengan mengetik `which psql` pada terminal prompt.

#### Homebrew

Homebrew menyediakan "recipes" untuk membangun biner dan paket dari sumber. itu menyediakan resep-resep untuk prasyarat GeoDjango pada komputer Macintosh menjalankan macOS. Karena Homebrew masih membangun perangkat lunak dari sumber, Xcode diwajibkan.

Ringkasan:

    $ brew install postgresql
    $ brew install postgis
    $ brew install gdal
    $ brew install libgeoip

##### Fink

Kurt Schwehr telah cukup ramah membuat paket-paket GeoDjango untuk pengguna dari sistem paket Fink. Different packages are available (dimulai dengan `django-gis`), bergantung pada versi mana dari Python anda ingin gunakan.

#### MacPorts

MacPorts may be used to install GeoDjango prerequisites on computers running macOS. Because MacPorts still builds the software from source, Xcode is required.

Ringkasan:

    $ sudo port install postgresql14-server
    $ sudo port install geos
    $ sudo port install proj6
    $ sudo port install postgis3
    $ sudo port install gdal
    $ sudo port install libgeoip

Catatan

You will also have to modify the `PATH` in your `.profile` so that the MacPorts programs are accessible from the command-line:

    export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib/postgresql14/bin

In addition, add the `DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH` setting so that the libraries can be found by Python:

    export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/lib/postgresql14

### Windows

Proceed through the following sections sequentially in order to install GeoDjango on Windows. In this tutorial we will install 64 bit versions of each application.

#### Python

Install a 64 bit version of Python. See Install Python for further information.

#### PostgreSQL

Download the latest PostgreSQL 15.x installer from the EnterpriseDB website. After downloading, run the installer, follow the on-screen directions, and keep the default options unless you know the consequences of changing them.

Catatan

The PostgreSQL installer creates a new `postgres` database superuser You will be prompted once to set the password -- make sure to remember it!

When the installer completes, it will ask to "Launch Stack Builder at exit?" -- keep this checked, as it is necessary to install PostGIS.

Catatan

If installed successfully, the PostgreSQL server will run in the background each time the system as started as a Windows service. A PostgreSQL 15 start menu group will created and contains shortcuts for the Application Stack Builder (ASB) as well as the 'SQL Shell', which will launch a `psql` command window.

#### PostGIS

From within the Stack Builder (to run outside of the installer, Start ‣ PostgreSQL 15 ‣ Application Stack Builder), select PostgreSQL 15 (x64) on port 5432 from the drop down menu and click next. Expand the Categories ‣ Spatial Extensions menu tree and select PostGIS X.Y for PostgreSQL 15.

After clicking next, you will be prompted to confirm the selected package and "Download directory". Click next again, this will download PostGIS and you will be asked to click next to begin the PostGIS installer. Select the default options during install. The install process includes four Yes/No dialog boxes, the default option for all four is "No".

#### OSGeo4W

The OSGeo4W installer helps to install the PROJ, GDAL, and GEOS libraries required by GeoDjango. First, download the OSGeo4W installer, and run it. Select Express Web-GIS Install and click next. In the 'Select Packages' list, ensure that GDAL is selected. If any other packages are enabled by default, they are not required by GeoDjango and may be unchecked safely. After clicking next and accepting the license agreements, the packages will be automatically downloaded and installed, after which you may exit the installer.

#### Merubah lingkungan Windows

In order to use GeoDjango, you will need to add your OSGeo4W directories to your Windows system `Path`, as well as create `GDAL_DATA` and `PROJ_LIB` environment variables. The following set of commands, executable with `cmd.exe`, will set this up. Restart your device once this is complete for new environment variables to be recognized:

    set OSGEO4W_ROOT=C:\OSGeo4W
    set GDAL_DATA=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\gdal\share\gdal
    set PROJ_LIB=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\proj
    set PATH=%PATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\bin
    reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PATH%"
    reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v GDAL_DATA /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%GDAL_DATA%"
    reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PROJ_LIB /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PROJ_LIB%"

Catatan

Administrator privileges are required to execute these commands. To do this, run command prompt as administrator and enter the commands above. You need to log out and log back in again for the settings to take effect.

Catatan

Jika anda menyesuaikan direktori pemasangan OSGeo4W, anda akan butuh merubah variabel `OSGEO4W_ROOT` sesuai dengan itu.

#### Pasang Django dan setel basisdata

Install Django di sistem anda. Dianjurkan bahwa anda membuat virtual environment untuk setiap proyek anda buat.

#### psycopg

The `psycopg` Python module provides the interface between Python and the PostgreSQL database. `psycopg` can be installed via pip within your Python virtual environment:

    ...\> py -m pip install psycopg

Catatan kaki

[1]

GeoDjango menggunakan rutin `find_library()` dari `ctypes.util` untuk menempatkan pustaka dibagi.