# Dokumentasi Django 6.0.7

# Memperbaiki kode

This section is addressed to the mergers and to anyone interested in knowing how code gets committed into Django. The Panduan perbaikan apply to all contributors, with or without commit rights.

If you're a community member who wants to contribute code to Django, look at Bekerja dengan Git dan GitHub instead.

## Penanganan pull request

Sejak Django disimpan pada GitHub, tambalan disediakan dalam formulir dari pull request.

When committing a pull request, make sure each individual commit matches the commit guidelines described below. Contributors are expected to provide the best pull requests possible. In practice mergers - who will likely be more familiar with the commit guidelines - may decide to bring a commit up to standard themselves.

You may want to have Jenkins or GitHub actions test the pull request with one of the pull request builders that doesn't run automatically, such as Oracle or Selenium. See the CI wiki page for instructions.

If you find yourself checking out pull requests locally more often, this git alias will be helpful:

    [alias]
        pr = !sh -c \"git fetch upstream pull/${1}/head:pr/${1} && git checkout pr/${1}\"

Tambahkan ke `~/.gitconfig` anda, dan setel `upstream` menjadi `django/django`. Kemudian anda dapat menjalankan `git pr ####` untuk memeriksa pull request yang sama.

Pada titik ini, anda dapat bekerja pada kode. Gunakan `git rebase -i` dan `git commit --amend` untuk memastikan perbaikan mempunyai tingkatan yang diharapkan dari kualitas. Sekali anda sedang siap:

/ 

    $ # Pull in the latest changes from main.
    $ git checkout main
    $ git pull upstream main
    $ # Rebase the pull request on main.
    $ git checkout pr/####
    $ git rebase main
    $ git checkout main
    $ # Merge the work as "fast-forward" to main to avoid a merge commit.
    $ # (in practice, you can omit "--ff-only" since you just rebased)
    $ git merge --ff-only pr/XXXX
    $ # If you're not sure if you did things correctly, check that only the
    $ # changes you expect will be pushed to upstream.
    $ git push --dry-run upstream main
    $ # Push!
    $ git push upstream main
    $ # Delete the pull request branch.
    $ git branch -d pr/xxxx

    ...\> REM Pull in the latest changes from main.
    ...\> git checkout main
    ...\> git pull upstream main
    ...\> REM Rebase the pull request on main.
    ...\> git checkout pr/####
    ...\> git rebase main
    ...\> git checkout main
    ...\> REM Merge the work as "fast-forward" to main to avoid a merge commit.
    ...\> REM (in practice, you can omit "--ff-only" since you just rebased)
    ...\> git merge --ff-only pr/XXXX
    ...\> REM If you're not sure if you did things correctly, check that only the
    ...\> REM changes you expect will be pushed to upstream.
    ...\> git push --dry-run upstream main
    ...\> REM Push!
    ...\> git push upstream main
    ...\> REM Delete the pull request branch.
    ...\> git branch -d pr/xxxx

Force push to the branch after rebasing on main but before merging and pushing to upstream. This allows the commit hashes on main and the branch to match which automatically closes the pull request.

Jika sebuah pull request tidak butuh digabungkan seperti banyak perbaikan, anda dapat menggunakan tombol "Squash and merge" GitHub. Sunting pesan perbaikan sesuai kebutuhan untuk menyesuaikan ke the guidelines dan pindahkan angka pull request yang otomatis ditambahkan ke baris pertama pesan.

Ketika menulis kembali riwayat perbaikan dari pull request, tujuannya adalah membuat riwayat perbaikan django sebaik mungkin:

- Jika tambalan mengandung perbaikan bolak balik, lalu tulis kembali itu menjadi satu. Sebagai contoh, jika sebuah perbaikan menambahkan beberapa kode dan perbaikan kedua memperbaiki masalah gaya yang diperkenalkan di perbaikan pertama, perbaikan tersebut harus dilumat sebelum digabungkan.

- Perubahan terpisah pada perbaikan berbeda berdasarkan pengelompokan logika: jika anda melakukan pembersihan gaya pada saat bersamaan seperti anda melakukan perubahan lain pada berkas, memisahkan perubahan kedalam dua perbaikan berbeda akan membuat meninjauan riwayat lebih mudah.

- Waspada dari menggabungkan cabang upstream dalam pull request.

- Percobaan harus dilewati dan dokumen harus dibangun setelah setiap perbaikan. Juga tidak percobaan maupun dokumen harus mengeluarkan peringatan.

- Tambalan sepele dan kecil biasanya baik diselesaikan dalam satu perbaikan. Pekerjaan menengah sampai besar mungkin dipisah menjadi banyak perbaikan jika itu masuk akal.

Practicality beats purity, so it is up to each merger to decide how much history mangling to do for a pull request. The main points are engaging the community, getting work done, and having a usable commit history.

## Panduan perbaikan

These guidelines apply to all commits to Django's Git repository, whether submitted by a contributor via a pull request or landed directly by a merger:

- Jangan pernah merubah riwayat telah diterbitkan dari cabang `django/django` dengan mendorong paksa. Jika anda mutlak harus (untuk alasan keamanan sebagai contoh), pertama obrolkan keadaan dengan tim.

- For any medium-to-big changes, where "medium-to-big" is according to your judgment, please bring things up on the Django Forum before making the change.

  If you bring something up and nobody responds, please don't take that to mean your idea is great and should be implemented immediately because nobody contested it. Everyone doesn't always have a lot of time to read discussions immediately, so you may have to wait a couple of days before getting a response.

- Write detailed commit messages in the past tense, not present tense, and end the subject line with a period.

  - Correct: "Fixed Unicode bug in RSS API."

  - Incorrect: "Fixes Unicode bug in RSS API." (present tense)

  - Incorrect: "Fixing Unicode bug in RSS API." ("-ing" form)

  - Incorrect: "Fixed Unicode bug in RSS API" (missing trailing period)

  The commit message should be in lines of 72 chars maximum. There should be a subject line, separated by a blank line and then paragraphs of 72 char lines. The limits are soft. For the subject line, shorter is better.

  In the body of the commit message more detail is better than less, and should explain why the change was made, not what was changed or how. The code itself shows what changed; the commit message should provide the context and reasoning that the code cannot.

  Credit the contributors in the commit message: "Thanks A for the report and B for review." Use git's Co-Authored-By as appropriate, including anyone whose earlier work the change builds on.

  Sebagai contoh:

      Fixed #18307 -- Added git workflow guidelines.

      Refactored the Django's documentation to remove mentions of SVN
      specific tasks. Added guidelines of how to use Git, GitHub, and
      how to use pull request together with Trac instead.

      Thanks to Full Name for the report, and to Reviewer for reviews.

- Batasi perbaikan ke perubahan paling kecil sangat masuk akal. Ini berarti, gunakan sering perbaikan kecil daripada perbaikan besar yang jarang. Sebagai contoh, jika menerapkan fitur X membutuhkan perubahan kecil pada pustaka Y, pertama perbaiki perubahan pada pustaka Y, kemudian perbaiki fitur X di perbaikan berbeda. Ini berjalan jauh dalam membantu semua orang mengikuti perubahan anda.

- Separate bug fixes from feature changes. Bugfixes may need to be backported.

- Jika perbaikan anda menutup sebuah tiket di ticket tracker Django, mulai pesan perbaikan anda dengan teks "Fixed #xxxxx", dimana "xxxxx" adalah jumlah dari tiket perbaikan pembetulan. Contoh: "Fixed #123 -- Ditambahkan fitur ulung.". kami telah memperlengkapi Trac sehingga pesan perbaikan apapun di bentuk tersebut akan otomatis menutup acuan tiket dan penempatan komentar kepadanya dengan pesan perbaikan penuh.

  Untuk ingin tahu, kami menggunakan `Tambahan Trac `_ untuk ini.

Catatan

Note that the Trac integration doesn't know anything about pull requests. So if you try to close a pull request with the phrase "closes #400" in your commit message, GitHub will close the pull request, but the Trac plugin will not close the same numbered ticket in Trac.

- Jika acuan perbaikan anda sebuah tiket di ticket tracker Django tetapi tidak menutup tiket, termasuk frase "Refs #xxxxx", dimana "xxxxx" adalah nomor dari tiket acuan perbaikan anda. Ini akan otomatis menempatkan komentar pada tiket yang sesuai.

## Backports

Bug fix backports to stable branches are done exclusively by mergers, following the Versi didukung. A backport consists of cherry-picking a commit from `main` onto the target `stable/A.B.x` branch.

A backport commit must include two things beyond the original commit message:

- A prefix `[A.B.x]` on the subject line, where `A.B.x` is the name of the `stable/A.B.x` branch being targeted.

- A suffix `Backport of <sha> from main.` line in the commit body, pointing to the original commit hash.

Sebagai contoh:

    [1.3.x] Fixed #17028 -- Changed diveintopython.org -> diveintopython.net.

    Backport of 80c0cbf1c97047daed2c5b41b296bbc56fe1d7e3 from main.

If the backport also fixes a regression, add a line identifying the commit that introduced it:

    Regression in 6ecccad711b52f9273b1acb07a57d3f806e93928.

There are three ways to do a backport, depending on your workflow:

Option 1: fully manual

Cherry-pick the commit onto the stable branch, then amend the commit message to add the required prefix and backport note:

    git cherry-pick <sha>
    git commit --amend

If the cherry-pick produces conflicts, resolve them, stage the changes, then run `git cherry-pick --continue` before amending. This option requires no setup but relies entirely on remembering to format the message correctly.

Option 2: using the helper script in the repo

The `scripts/backport.sh` Bash script automates the cherry-pick and rewrites the commit message with the correct prefix and backport note. Run it from the target stable branch:

    bash scripts/backport.sh <sha>

This is straightforward for clean cherry-picks, but if conflicts are produced, you will need to resolve them manually and add the prefix and backport note to the commit message yourself.

Option 3: using the `prepare-commit-msg` git hook

The `scripts/prepare_commit_msg.py` Python script can be installed as a `prepare-commit-msg` git hook. It automatically adds the `[A.B.x]` prefix to the subject line, appends `Backport of <sha> from main.` to the commit body, and ensures the subject line ends with a period, even when the cherry-pick produces conflicts. To install it, create an executable file `.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg` containing:

    #!/bin/sh
    exec python scripts/prepare_commit_msg.py "$@"

Once installed, a plain `git cherry-pick <sha>` on a stable branch is sufficient; the hook handles the message formatting in all cases.

## Mengembalikan perbaikan

Tidak seorangpun sempurna; kesalahan akan diperbaiki.

But try very hard to ensure that mistakes don't happen. Just because we have a reversion policy doesn't relax your responsibility to aim for the highest quality possible. Really: double-check your work, or have it checked by another merger before you commit it in the first place!

Ketika kesalahan perbaikan ditemukan, silahkan ikuti panduan ini:

- Jika memungkinkan, penulis asli mengembalikan perbaikan mereka sendiri.

- Jangan mengembalikan perubahan penulis lain tanpa perizinan dari penulis asli.

- Gunakan git revert -- ini akan membuat membalikkan perbaikan, tetapi perbaikan asli akan masih menjadi bagian dari riwayat perbaikan.

- If the original author can't be reached (within a reasonable amount of time -- a day or so) and the problem is severe -- crashing bug, major test failures, etc. -- then ask for objections on the Django Forum then revert if there are none.

- Jika masalah adalah kecil (perbaikan fitur setelah pembekuan fitur, katakan), tunggu saja.

- If there's a disagreement between the merger and the reverter-to-be then try to work it out on the Django Forum . If an agreement can't be reached then it should be put to a vote.

- Jika perbaikan diperkenalkan ditegaskan, ungkap kerentanan keamanan kemudian perbaikan mungkin dirubah sesegera mungkin tanpa perizinan dari siapapun.

- Perawat cabang terbitan mungkin mengeluarkan perbaikan ke cabang terbitan tanpa perizinan jika perbaikan merusak cabang terbitan.

- Jika anda salah mendorong sebuah cabang topik ke `django/django`, hapus itu. Sebagai contoh, jika anda melakukan `git push upstream feature_antigravity`, lakukan dorongan balikan: `git push upstream :feature_antigravity`.